s, and very accurately calculated the cost of constructing lines. For these services he was termed a madman, and the Edinburgh Review recommended that he should be secured in a strait jacket. In his “Life of George Stephenson” Dr. Smiles takes exception to the statement that Thomas Gray was the originator of railways, and transfers that term to Stephenson. Let us be correct; Gray was the projector, Stephenson the constructor of railways. But 杭州洗浴中心600随便玩 it is not to be supposed that Gray had sold five editions of his work without Stephenson, and perhaps every engineer, having read and profited by it. Yet, so little had Stephenson any idea of the real scope and capacity of railways, that it was not 杭州洗浴中心过夜 till five years after the running of his engines on such lines, by Dr. Smiles’s own showing, that he ever imagined such a thing as their becoming the general medium of human transit. He tells us Mr. Edward Pease suggested to him to put an old long coach on the Darlington and Stockton line, attached to the luggage trucks, and see if people might not 杭州丝袜按摩实体店 wish to travel by it. Gray had demonstrated all this long before. He stood in the place of the architect, Stephenson only of the builder who carries out the architect’s design. Seven years only after the death of George III. the railway line 杭州按摩服务哪里有 between Manchester and Liverpool was commenced, and from its successful opening, on the 15th of September, 1830, dates the amazing development of the present railway system.
The earliest idea of a steam-engine was that given by the Marquis of 杭州男士全身精油按摩 Worcester, in his “Century of Inventions,” in 1663, which idea he obtained from De Caus, and reduced to action in London. The next step was to Papin’s Digester, and then to Savery’s so-called “Atmospheric Engine.” This, improved by Newcomen in 1711,[195] was introduced to drain mines in all parts of the kingdom, but especially in the coal-mines of 杭州品茶推荐 the north and midland counties, and the copper mines of Cornwall. By its means many mines long disused through the accumulation of water were drained and made workable, and others were sunk much deeper. Smeaton, in 1769, greatly improved this 杭州按摩快餐多少钱 engine, which, from its rapid working of a horizontal beam, was called by the miners a “Whimsey,” as having a whimsical look. Watt, then a student in the University of Glasgow, commenced a series of experiments upon it, which, between 1759 and 1782, raised 杭州桑拿怎么样 the engine to a pitch of perfection which made it applicable not only to draining water out of mines, but, by the discovery of the rotatory motion, enabled it to propel any kind of machinery, spin cotton, grind in mills of all kinds, and propel ships and carriages. Watt was greatly aided in his efforts by Mr. Matthew Boulton, and their 杭州足浴店 engines were manufactured at Soho Works, near Birmingham. They did not, however, enjoy the fruits of their patents
for protecting their inventions without many most unprincipled attempts to invade their rights by masters of mines and others, by which 杭州西湖阁论坛 they were involved in very harassing law-suits. The first application of the steam-engine to the machinery of a cotton-mill was at Papplewick, i